Fo Guang Ta-tz'u-tien 佛光大辭典. Fo Guang Ta-tz'u-tien pien-hsiu wei-yuan-hui 佛光大辭典編修委員會. Taipei: Fo-kuang ch'u-pan-she, 1988. (Phật Quang Đại Từ điển. Phật Quang Đại Từ điển biên tu uỷ viên hội. Đài Bắc: Phật Quang xuất bản xã, 1988.)
Das Lexikon der Östlichen Weisheitslehren, Bern 1986.
Schumann, H.W.:
Buddhismus: Stifter, Schulen und Syteme, Olten 1976.Der historische Buddha: Leben und Lehren des Gotama, Köln, 1982.
Hirakawa, Akira: A History of Indian Buddhism. From Śākyamuni to Early Mahāyāna. Translated and Edited by Paul Groner. University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
Eade, JC (1995), The Calendrical Systems of Mainland South-East Asia , Brill, ISBN978-900410437-2 Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
Epstein, Ronald (2003), Buddhist Text Translation Society's Buddhism A to Z , Burlingame, CA: Buddhist Text Translation Society Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
Fowler, Mark (2005), Zen Buddhism: beliefs and practices, Sussex Academic Press
Gethin, Rupert, ML (1998), Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press
Gombrich, Richard F (1988), Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, Routledge and Kegan Paul
——— (1992), “Dating the Buddha: a red herring revealed”, trong Bechert, Heinz, Die Datierung des historischen Buddha [The Dating of the Historical Buddha], Symposien zur Buddhismusforschung (bằng tiếng Đức) IV (2), Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, tr. 237–59 .
——— (1997), How Buddhism Began, Munshiram Manoharlal
——— (2000), “Discovering the Buddha's date”, trong Perera, Lakshman S, Buddhism for the New Millennium, London: World Buddhist Foundation, tr. 9–25 .
Gopal, Madan (1990), K.S. Gautam, biên tập, India through the ages, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, tr. 73
Grubin, David (Director), Gere, Richard (Narrator) (2010), The Buddha: The Story of Siddhartha (DVD), David Grubin Productions, 27:25 phút, ASINB0033XUHAO
Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang (2007), Introduction to Buddhism An Explanation of the Buddhist Way of Life, Tharpa, ISBN978-0-9789067-7-1
Hamilton, Sue (2000), Early Buddhism: A New Approach: The I of the Beholder, Routledge
Hartmann, Jens Uwe (1991), “Research on the date of the Buddha”, trong Bechert, Heinz, The Dating of the Historical Buddha (PDF) 1, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, tr. 38–39, Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 29 tháng 10 năm 2014
Mohāpātra, Gopinath (2000), “Two Birth Plates of Buddha” (PDF), Indologica Taurinensia 26: 113–19, Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 4 tháng 10 năm 2012
Mershman, Francis (1913), “Barlaam and Josaphat”, trong Herberman, Charles G và đồng nghiệp, The Catholic Encyclopedia2, New York: Robert Appleton
Mettanando, Bhikkhu; Hinueber, Oskar von (2000), “The Cause of the Buddha's Death” (PDF), Journal of the Pali Text Society XXVI: 105–118, Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 9 tháng 4 năm 2015
Norman, KR (1997), A Philological Approach to Buddhism (PDF), The Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai Lectures 1994, School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)
Ruegg, Seyford (1999), “A new publication on the date and historiography of Buddha´s decease (nirvana): a review article”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and Afrikan Studies, University of London 62 (1): 82–87, doi:10.1017/s0041977x00017572
Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
Schmithausen, Lambert (1981), “On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism”, trong von Klaus, Bruhn; Wezler, Albrecht, Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus (Gedenkschrift für Ludwig Alsdorf) [Studies on Jainism and Buddhism (Schriftfest for Ludwig Alsdorf)] (bằng tiếng Đức), Wiesbaden, tr. 199–250
Schober, Juliane (2002), Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (2003), The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN812081817-2
Shimoda, Masahiro (2002), “How has the Lotus Sutra Created Social Movements: The Relationship of the Lotus Sutra to the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra”, trong Reeves, Gene, A Buddhist Kaleidoscope, Kosei
Twitchett, Denis biên tập (1986), The Cambridge History of China, 1. The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC – AD 220, Cambridge University Press, ISBN0-521-24327-0
Upadhyaya, KN (1971), Early Buddhism and the Bhagavadgita, Dehli, IN: Motilal Banarsidass, tr. 95, ISBN978-812080880-5
Von Hinüber, Oskar (2009), “Cremated like a King: The funeral of the Buddha within the ancient Indian context”, Journal of the International College of Postgraduate Buddhist Studies 13: 33–66
